Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) stands as one of the most common hormonal conditions affecting women, including adolescents. Identifying PCOS symptoms during adolescence can present unique challenges, since many of its signs bear similarities to those of normal puberty. Understanding the nature of PCOS is necessary for effective management and optimal care.
What Is PCOS?
PCOS is the result of a hormonal imbalance, frequently involving elevated levels of androgens. These hormones are present in women at lower levels than in men and serve several biological functions. Increased androgens can disrupt the menstrual cycle and ovulation, leading to a range of physical symptoms. Despite being called polycystic ovary syndrome, not every individual with PCOS has ovarian cysts. The condition manifests differently in each person, so clinicians utilize tailored approaches in assessment and care.
What Are PCOS Symptoms?
PCOS symptoms can include irregular menstrual cycles, such as infrequent or missed periods. Many adolescents with PCOS experience physical changes, which might involve persistent acne, excess hair growth on the face or body, and thinning hair on the scalp. Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight can occur. Some may notice patches of dark, thickened skin in areas like the neck or groin. An individual experiencing several of these symptoms should seek evaluation by a women’s health specialist for further assessment.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Diagnosing PCOS typically involves a comprehensive approach. Healthcare providers begin with a review of medical history and a physical examination, paying close attention to reported symptoms. Blood tests are commonly ordered to assess levels of various hormones and identify possible imbalances. In many cases, a pelvic ultrasound is recommended to evaluate the appearance of the ovaries and the endometrial lining. Since symptoms may overlap with other conditions, an accurate diagnosis is made by synthesizing laboratory and imaging findings with a patient’s unique symptom profile.
How Is It Treated?
Though there is currently no cure for PCOS, its symptoms can be managed effectively. An individualized care plan is developed based on the distinct needs of each adolescent. Medical treatments may include hormonal birth control for cycle regulation and management of symptoms. Metformin is sometimes prescribed to help regulate insulin response, addressing one of the metabolic contributors to PCOS. Anti-androgen medications can be used to reduce the effects of elevated androgen levels, and fertility-focused treatments are available for those seeking to become pregnant.
Lifestyle management plays a key role in PCOS care. Recommendations often focus on maintaining a balanced, whole-food diet and limiting the intake of sugar and carbohydrates. Regular physical activity supports healthy weight and hormone regulation. Adequate sleep and stress reduction are beneficial for overall well-being, assisting in the management of PCOS symptoms.
Seek Expert PCOS Care
Adolescents experiencing persistent symptoms associated with PCOS are encouraged to seek guidance from an experienced healthcare provider. Early assessment can clarify the cause of symptoms and support effective management. By working together with medical professionals, adolescents and their families can navigate the challenges of PCOS and develop a care plan designed to suit their individual needs.
